It varies a lot, but for the most part it's just generic mass-produced cafeteria food. There's an article with more details on it here. It also includes some more information on prison life in general which may give your story more depth too
Edit: here'sanother article about a particular kind of (apparently disgusting) prison food given to misbehaving prisoners as punishment. Thought it might be of some use to know.
May you never steal, lie, or cheat. But if you must steal, then steal away my sorrows. And if you must lie, then lie with me all the nights of your life. And if you must cheat, then please, cheat death. — An Unknown Bride, Leap Year